1. Advantages of Pneumatics over
Hydraulics– (write/type
the 5 key things from the flashcards here)
ü Hydraulics means use of pressurized
fluids to execute a mechanical task.
ü Commonly seen hydraulics based
equipment types are hydraulic presses, hydraulic hoppers, hydraulic cylinders,
and hydraulic rams
ü In order to affect mechanical motion,
pneumatics employs compression of gases, based on the working principles of
fluid dynamics in the concept of pressure.
ü Any equipment employing pneumatics
uses an interconnecting set of components: a pneumatic circuit
consisting of active components such as gas compressor, transition lines, air
tanks, hoses, open atmosphere, and passive components.
ü Hydraulics present certain advantages
over pneumatics, but in a given application, pneumatic powered equipment is
more suitable, particularly in industries where the factory units are plumbed
for compressed air.
2. Chapter 18 - (write/type 3 key things from the flashcards
here)
ü Which technologies apply the concepts of Newton's third law? jet
airplanes, fireworks, and recoil guns
ü What is meant by the term "resistance"? Resistance opposes
forward movement.
ü What is Newton's Third Law? Use it to explain how a rocket engine propels
a spacecraft into outer space? Every action has an equal and opposite
reaction. Thrusters will propel the spacecraft into outer space by pushing hot
gases out a very high velocity. According to Newton's third law, the spacecraft
will experience an equal and opposite force, propelling it upward into space.
Also, acceleration of the games times their mass equals the acceleration of the
rocket times its mass.
3. Chapter 19 - (write/type 5 key things from the flashcards
here)
ü Other engineers have tackled the problem of making more efficient cars.
What are some new car technologies in development today that are designed to reduce
the use of fossil fuels? Hybrid vehicles have both gas engines, and electric motors and
batteries, so they can use both energy sources, either one at a time or
together. Hybrid vehicles capture energy from braking to generate electricity
and charge the batteries. Solar - powered vehicles use photovoltaic (solar)
cells.
ü
What is the relationship between
volume, temperature, and pressure that is useful for designing engines?
Volume, temperature, and
pressure are related by the equation "Pressure (P) is proportional to the
temperature (T) of the gas, divided by the volume (V) of the chamber. "
ü Give both an advantage and a disadvantage of a diesel engine over a
gasoline engine.
Diesel engines are more
powerful, and therefore are used to power trains, cargo ships, and other heavy
vehicles. Diesel engine exhaust contains more soot and other particulate
pollutants than gasoline engines.
ü What information would you need to know to determine the force with which
the piston pushes the air during the second step of the diesel cycle? P=F/A, therefore F= A x P. You would
need to determine the pressure in the chamber and the surface area of the
piston.
ü What is the difference between a gas engine and diesel
engine?
The main difference between the two types of engines is
in the way that they ignite the gas-air mixture. Gasoline engines take in a
mixture of gas and air, compress it, and then ignite it with a spark plug.
Diesel engines take in just air, compress it, and then inject fuel into the
compressed air. The air is compressed enough to raise its temperature
sufficiently so that the injected fuel will ignite it.
4. Inside the Teenage Brain – (write 3
key facts)
ü What effect do sleep debts have on the brain?
Some say these sleep debts
can have a powerful effect on a teen's ability to learn and retain new material
-- especially abstract concepts like physics, math, and calculus.
ü How does lack of sleep affect the teenage brain?
Sleep affects memory and
learning.
ü What is one of the enduring lessons for parents in the video?
Even though the public
perception is about building bigger and better brains, what the research shows
is that it's the relationships, it's the connections, it's the people in
children's lives who make the biggest difference."
5.
Chapter 20 (write/type 5 key things from the
flashcards here)
There were no flashcards on chapter 20
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